The citys sea of Victorian houses began to take shape, and civic leaders campaigned for a spacious public park, resulting in plans for Golden Gate Park.

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San Francisco is the 16th most populous city in the United States, and the fourth most populous in California, with 881,549 residents as of 2019.

It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles (121.4 km 2 ), 20 mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, making it the second most densely populated large U.S.

U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs.

With San Jose, it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States, with 9.67 million residents as of 2019.

Colloquial nicknames for San Francisco include SF, San Fran, The City, and Frisco.

San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856.

San Franciscos status as the West Coasts largest city peaked between 1870 and 1900, when around 25 of Californias population resided in the city proper.

After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, 30 San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later.

In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater.

It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945.

After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the beatnik and hippie countercultures, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.

Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.

San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss Co., Gap Inc., Fitbit, Salesforce.com, Dropbox, Reddit, Square, Inc., Dolby, Airbnb, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, and Craigslist.

Under Mexican rule, the mission system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized.

In 1835, William Richardson, a naturalized Mexican citizen of English birth, erected the first independent homestead, 41 near a boat anchorage around what is today Portsmouth Square.

Commodore John D.

Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7, 1846, during the MexicanAmerican War, and Captain John B.

Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, and Mexico officially ceded the territory to the United States at the end of the war in 1848.

Despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography.

With their sourdough bread in tow, 43 prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, 44 raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849.

The promise of great wealth was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor.

Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons, and hotels; many were left to rot and some were sunk to establish title to the underwater lot.

By 1851, the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships.

By 1870, Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land.

Buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings.

Silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth.

With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, and gambling.

Early winners were the banking industry, with the founding of Wells Fargo in 1852 and the Bank of California in 1864.

Development of the Port of San Francisco and the establishment in 1869 of overland access to the eastern U.S.

Pacific Railroad (the construction of which the city only reluctantly helped support 50 ) helped make the Bay Area a center for trade.

Catering to the needs and tastes of the growing population, Levi Strauss opened a dry goods business and Domingo Ghirardelli began manufacturing chocolate.

Chinese immigrants made the city a polyglot culture, drawn to Old Gold Mountain, creating the citys Chinatown quarter.

In 1870, Asians made up 8 of the population.

The first cable cars carried San Franciscans up Clay Street in 1873.

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